According to a study published in Nature Astronomy, NASA’s Juno spacecraft measures the amount of oxygen produced by Jupiter’s moon Europa at 12 kilograms (26 pounds) per second. This is less than previous estimates, which ranged from a few kilograms to over 1,000 kilograms per second

The Juno spacecraft’s Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment (JADE) instrument measures the amount of hydrogen that has outgassed from Europa’s surface. The measurements indicate that the surface suffers very little erosion. 

Europa is the sixth-largest moon in the Solar System and the smallest of Jupiter’s four Galilean moons. It has a very thin atmosphere made up mostly of oxygen

Some said only a few kilograms of oxygen are produced per second, while others range as high as 1000 kilograms per second. But thanks to Juno’s direct sampling, this research puts the amount of oxygen produced on Europa at 12 kg (26 lbs) per second

Europa’s atmosphere is extremely thin, with only 100 billionth of Earth’s atmospheric pressure. However, there is still a lot of activity in the atmosphere

Europa’s atmosphere is mostly made of oxygen. NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory says that Europa generates 1,000 tons of oxygen every 24 hours, which is enough to keep a million humans breathing each day

No, Europa’s atmosphere is not breathable for humans. Europa’s atmosphere is very thin and is only 1 trillionth of Earth’s surface pressure

Europa’s atmosphere is made up of almost entirely oxygen, but Earth’s atmosphere is only 21% oxygen. However, Europa’s atmosphere is still a vacuum for biological purposes

Europa’s atmosphere, vanishingly thin compared with Earth’s own thick blanket of breathable air, is known to be a delicate veneer of oxygen hugging the moon’s surface beneath a puffier extended layer of hydrogen

Europa’s surface temperature averages -160°C (-260°F) at the equator and -220°C (-370°F) at the poles. The surface temperature at the equator never rises above -160°C (-260°F)

Europa’s surface is covered with bright white water ice or frost, with some regions of yellowish, brownish, or reddish colors. The moon’s icy crust is as hard as granite. 

Europa’s surface temperatures are mostly determined by its ability to retain the Sun’s heat. The moon is colder than Io, another moon of Jupiter, and its surface is ice. However, there may be huge oceans beneath the surface that are heated by tidal friction. 

Europa is cold because its surface is primarily made of water ice. The icy surface also makes Europa one of the most reflective objects in the solar system

Europa’s gravity is about 13% of Earth’s, which is too low to hold an atmosphere that could support wind, precipitation, or sky color. 

Europa’s surface temperatures range from about -210°F to -370°F. The icy crust is thought to be several kilometers thick, and beneath it is a subsurface ocean of liquid water that could be up to 100 kilometers deep. Europa’s internal heat could keep the subsurface ocean from freezing and sustain any life that exists there

Europa is farther than Io (the other moon of jupiter) thus much colder. Being colder its surface is ice. The temperature of the surface is less than -260 degrees. But under surface there may be huge oceans heated by the same tidal friction

Scientists think that life may exist on Europa because there’s evidence of liquid water beneath its icy surface. However, there’s no evidence of life on Europa yet.

Europa’s surface is blasted by radiation from Jupiter, which is bad for life. However, the radiation may create fuel for life in an ocean below the surface. 

Scientists are almost certain that Europa has a saltwater ocean with about twice as much water as Earth’s global ocean. However, subsurface oceans like those on Europa are generally expected to lack nutrients. Without sunlight to power biological photosynthesis, these buried bodies of water could be bereft of life. 

To find out if Europa is actually inhabited, a mission would need to land on the surface, drill through the ice shell, and enter the ocean.

Europa is one of the most likely places in the solar system to find life beyond Earth. It has all three ingredients for life as we know it: 

• Temperatures that allow liquid water to exist 
• The presence of carbon-based molecules 
• An energy input, such as sunlight

Europa has a subsurface ocean of liquid water, which is believed to have the necessary conditions for life to exist. This subsurface ocean is kept warm by tidal forces from Jupiter’s gravity, creating a stable environment for life to potentially exist. 

However, there’s no evidence that life exists on Europa yet. Life could exist in its under-ice ocean, perhaps in an environment similar to Earth’s deep-ocean hydrothermal vents

If alien creatures exist elsewhere in our solar system, they’re most likely to be found on Europa, one of 16 moons orbiting Jupiter. There is strong evidence that beneath Europa’s frozen exterior of ice lies an ocean of liquid water — one of the essential ingredients for all living organisms

Mars is generally considered the most habitable planet in our solar system after Earth. Mars is a top candidate for colonization and terraforming

Europa is a small moon that’s 4.1 times smaller than Earth and has only about 1% of Earth’s mass. It’s possible that Europa doesn’t have enough heat for processes that would increase habitability. 

However, Europa is considered one of the most habitable worlds in the solar system. It’s thought to harbor a salty ocean under its icy shell. Scientists believe Europa may be the most promising place in the solar system to find present-day environments suitable for life beyond Earth

One of the larger moons of Jupiter and is one of the most likely locations for extraterrestrial life in our solar system.

Scientist have discovered that Europa has an ice-water crust with cracks in it. Europa has a surface temperature well below -100 degrees C. At this temperature ice is as hard as concrete, so the fact that it has cracks is somewhat unusual. The probable reason for these cracks is that far beneath the surface, the core of the moon is warm enough to melt the water. So it is quite likely that it has liquid water which is one of the things necessary for life as we know it. 

Additionally, what little atmosphere it has, contains oxygen. This means that through the cracks in the ice the liquid water could be oxygenated. Meaning that perhaps there is life there and perhaps this life is more complicated than anaerobic bacteria

Jupiter’s icy moon Europa may be the most promising place in the solar system to find present-day environments suitable for lifebeyond Earth.

Scientists study the origin, evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe in a scientific field called astrobiology. They’ve found that life as we know it requires three main ingredients: temperatures that allow liquid water to exist; the presence of carbon-based molecules; and an energy input, such as sunlight.

Europa seems to have all three ingredients. But to understand why it’s a uniquely captivating target for astrobiology, it helps to know a bit about a few other moons and planets in the solar system. The story starts with water.

It Matters Where We Find Life

Around most stars is a region where conditions are just right for an orbiting planet to have liquid water on its surface. That region is the star’s habitable zone or “Goldilocks zone.” But scientists have learned that worlds outside the Goldilocks zone can have liquid oceans as well, including several moons in our outer solar system.

Some moons of Saturn and Jupiter (including Europa, we suspect) are ocean worlds – they have oceans beneath their icy surfaces. In fact, finding life in one of these oceans might be more consequential than finding life on Mars. It could change how humans understand the equation for life in the cosmos.

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