According to a March 10, 2024 article in the Times of India, Isro’s plan for Chandrayaan-4 involves launching two rockets in 2028:

• LVM-3: A heavy-lifter rocket 
• PSLV: An ISRO workhorse rocket

The two rockets will carry different payloads for the same mission, which is to bring back moon rocks and soil to Earth. The mission also aims to collect samples from the lunar surface for scientific studies. 

The mission will involve five spacecraft modules, including propulsion, descender, ascender, transfer, and re-entry modules. The mission will make India the fourth country capable of returning lunar samples

1 mission, 2 rockets: Isro’s plan for Chandrayaan-4Isro plans to launch two rockets, LVM-3 and PSLV, in 2028 for the Chandrayaan-4 mission. The mission aims to bring back moon rocks and soil from the lunar surface using five spacecraft modules. It will make India the fourth nation capable of returning lunar samples

Chandrayaan-4 is the fourth mission in the Chandrayaan program, which is a series of lunar-exploration missions developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It is also known as the LUPEX mission

Isro has plans to launch two rockets, LVM-3 and PSLV, in 2028 for the Chandrayaan-4 mission. The mission aims to bring back moon rocks and soil from the lunar surface using five spacecraft modules. It will make India the fourth nation capable of returning lunar samples

As of March 2024, the Chandrayaan-4 mission is expected to launch no earlier than 2028. However, as of March 2024, neither ISRO nor the Government of India has announced an official launch date

With planned launch no earlier than 2028, Chandrayaan-4 will employ multiple spacecraft modules and launch vehicles for the ambitious endeavor

The ISRO lunar mission Chandrayaan-4 will be launched in two phases, with five components. The launch date may be in 2028

Chandrayaan-4: Spacecraft Details

As per a tweet by ISRO Spaceflight, the Chandryaan-4 mission will involve a PSLV & an LVM3 launch & consist of 5 modules – Ascender Module, Descender Module, Propulsion Module, Re-entry Module, and Transfer Module

Designed as a lunar sample-return mission, Chandrayaan-4 marks the fourth endeavour in India’s step forward in lunar exploration. Currently in the conceptualization phase, the mission is expected to launch no earlier than 2028.

Chandrayaan-4: Mission Objectives

The mission’s primary goal is to safely retrieve samples from the Moon’s surface and return them to Earth for detailed scientific analysis. Key objectives include

• Executing a safe and controlled landing on the Moon.
• Showcasing the ability to collect and secure lunar samples.
• Demonstrating successful ascent from the lunar surface.
• Performing docking and undocking manoeuvres in lunar orbit.
• Showing how samples can be transferred between different modules.
• Ensuring the safe return and re-entry of the samples back to Earth.

Chandrayaan-4: Spacecraft Details

As per a tweet by ISRO Spaceflight, the Chandryaan-4 mission will involve a PSLV & an LVM3 launch & consist of 5 modules – Ascender Module, Descender Module, Propulsion Module, Re-entry Module, and Transfer Module.

Ascender Module will liftoff from the lunar surface and reach orbit to dock with the transfer module.

Descender Module will perform the lunar landing.

Propulsion Module will perform the Earth-bound orbit raising burns and lunar orbit insertion burns.

Re-entry Module will safely land with the lunar samples on Earth.

Transfer Module will carry the lunar samples from the Moon back to Earth orbit.

The Lunar Polar Exploration (LUPEX) mission is different from the Chandrayaan-4 mission, but it is part of ISRO’s Moon exploration program. The Chandrayaan-4 mission is also known as the LUPEX mission

The LUPEX mission is a collaboration between ISRO and the Japanese space agency JAXA. The mission’s main objective is to confirm the presence of water in the polar regions of the moon. It also aims to: 

• Determine if the lunar polar region has usable water 
• Detect charged dust particles and confirm the dust levitation process 
• Estimate the size and flux of charged, levitated dust particles The Chandrayaan-4 mission will include five spacecraft modules:
  • Re-entry module (RM) 
  • Transfer Module (TM) 
  • Ascender Module (AM) 
  • Descender Module (DM) 
  • Propulsion Module (PM) 

The Lunar Polar Exploration Mission (LUPEX) is a joint mission between India’s Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and Japan’s Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). The mission is currently in the planning phase

The mission’s goals include:

• Exploring the dark side of the moon 
• Determining the amount and quality of water on the moon’s polar region 
• Being a precursor to ISRO’s lunar sample return mission 
• Sending the first Indian to the moon by 2040 The mission will include a lunar rover and a lander that will carry the rover. The rover will be designed by JAXA, and the lander will be designed by ISRO. NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA) will also mount observation instruments on the rover. According to ISRO, the mission could allow a spacecraft to live on the moon’s surface for 100 days, which is more than five times longer than Chandrayaan-3. 

What is the purpose of the LUPEX mission?

Anil Bharadwaj said that LUPEX will be a precursor to ISRO’s lunar sample return mission and for sending the first Indian to the moon by 2040. The Indo-Japanese LUPEX mission is envisaged to explore the permanently shadowed regions or the dark side of the moon

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