Scientists have discovered that a potentially habitable planet is having its atmosphere stripped, a process that may eventually render the world, Trappist-1e, inhospitable to life. The stripping appears to be caused by electric currents created as the planet races around its red dwarf host star

How do you know if an exoplanet has life?

The Search for Life

The slices missing from the light spectrum tell us which chemicals or gases are present in the alien atmosphere. One pattern of black gaps might indicate methane, another, oxygen. Seeing those together could be a strong argument for the presence of life

Can we go to TRAPPIST-1e?

The TRAPPIST-1 system is about 40 light-years away, meaning that even if we could travel at the speed of light, it would take four decades to get there. However, no known technology can propel a spacecraft at such speeds (299,792,458 meters per second, or 186,282 miles per second

Does TRAPPIST-1e have oxygen?

A 2021 study revealed more about TRAPPIST-1 planets. They are likely made of similar stuff, but they are different than Earth. That could mean they all contain about the same ratio of materials thought to compose most rocky planets, like iron, oxygen, magnesium, and silicon

Is TRAPPIST-1e habitable?

Three of them — TRAPPIST-1e, f and g — dwell in their star’s so-called “habitable zone.” The habitable zone, or Goldilocks zone, is a band around every star (shown here in green) where astronomers have calculated that temperatures are just right — not too hot, not too cold — for liquid water to pool on the surface of …

What would the sky look like on TRAPPIST-1e?

Some 40 light-years from Earth, a planet called TRAPPIST-1e offers a heart-stopping view: brilliant objects in a red sky, looming like larger and smaller versions of our own moon. But these are no moons. They are other Earth-sized planets in a spectacular planetary system outside our own.

What is the color of TRAPPIST-1e?

It is a red dwarf of spectral class M8.0±0.5, meaning it is relatively small and cold. With a radius 12% of that of the Sun, TRAPPIST-1 is only slightly larger than the planet Jupiter (though much more massive).

How long is a year on TRAPPIST-1e?

TRAPPIST-1e orbits its host star quite closely. One full revolution around TRAPPIST-1 only takes 6.099 Earth days (~146 hours) to complete. It orbits at a distance of 0.02928285 AU, or just under 3% the separation between Earth and the Sun

What planet is most like Earth?

Kepler-452b (sometimes quoted to be an Earth 2.0 or Earth’s Cousin based on its characteristics; also known by its Kepler Object of Interest designation KOI-7016.01) is a super-Earth exoplanet orbiting within the inner edge of the habitable zone of the sun-like star Kepler-452 and is the only planet in the system

How much water does TRAPPIST-1e have?

The planets around TRAPPIST-1 are estimated to be between 15 and 50 percent water by mass — Earth is only 0.02 percent

Is TRAPPIST-1e in the habitable zone?

The TRAPPIST-1 system contains a total of seven known Earth-sized planets. Three of them — TRAPPIST-1e, f and g — are located in the habitable zone of the star (shown in green in this artist’s impression), where temperatures are just right for liquid water to exist on the surface

TRAPPIST-1e tidally locked?

The TRAPPIST-1 planetary system harbors seven tidally locked, transiting, Earth-sized exoplanets, among which TRAPPIST-1e is found to have the greatest chance to sustain liquid water on its surface.

The TRAPPIST-1 planetary system harbors seven tidally locked, transiting, Earth-sized exoplanets, among which TRAPPIST-1e is found to have the greatest chance to sustain liquid water on its surface. If photosynthetic life has ever developed on this potentially habitable planet and produced an oxygen-rich atmosphere, ozone, as a photochemical derivative of O2, is likely to imprint its fingerprints in the transmission spectrum of the planets atmosphere. Previous studies found that stellar UV spectra have a large impact on a planets ozone abundance, but the UV spectrum of TRAPPIST-1 has not been observationally determined. Here we use a three-dimensional photochemistry-climate model, WACCM, to simulate ozone photochemistry in the atmosphere of TRAPPIST-1e forced by three recently constructed TRAPPIST-1 spectra. O2 concentrations between 0.2 bar and 0.002 bar are used to investigate both Phanerozoic-like and Proterozoic-like atmospheres. We find that under strong to intermediate TRAPPIST-1 UV irradiation, the planet may have a thick ozone layer ranging from 30 to 1000 Dobson units (1/10 to 3 times Earths value). Ozone primarily resides in polar vortices and the tropical region. Under weak TRAPPIST-1 UV irradiation, on the contrary, only 0.1 Dobson units of ozone (1/3000 of Earths value) can be sustained, and ozone is primarily formed from the photolysis of NO2, instead of O2. Significant NO and NO2 accumulation from lightning production is also found in the weak UV scenario. The photochemical and dynamical mechanisms that give rise to the ozone abundances and spatial distributions are explained. The detectability of ozone in the transmission spectrum and the UV habitability on the planetary surface are also quantitatively evaluated. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of detecting an oxygen-rich atmosphere on TRAPPIST-1e using the ozone proxy, estimated the required instrumental parameters, and also calls for future effort in characterizing the UV spectrum of TRAPPIST-1.

The search for extrasolar planets is currently undergoing a seismic shift. With the deployment of the Kepler Space Telescopeand the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite(TESS), scientists discovered thousands of exoplanets, most of which were detected and confirmed using indirect methods. But in more recent years, and with the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), the field has been transitioning toward one of characterization. In this process, scientists rely on emission spectra from exoplanet atmospheres to search for the chemical signatures we associate with life (biosignatures).

However, there’s some controversy regarding the kinds of signatures scientists should look for. Essentially, astrobiology uses life on Earth as a template when searching for indications of extraterrestrial life, much like how exoplanet hunters use Earth as a standard for measuring “habitability.” But as many scientists have pointed out, life on Earth and its natural environment have evolved considerably over time. In a recent paper, an international team demonstrated how astrobiologists could look for life on TRAPPIST-1e based on what existed on Earth billions of years ago

For years, scientists have considered how a circumsolar habitable zone (CHZ) could be extended to include Earth-like conditions from previous geological periods. Similarly, astrobiologists have been working to cast a wider net on the types of biosignatures associated with more ancient life forms (such as retinal-photosynthetic organisms). In this latest study, Eager-Nash and his colleagues have established a series of biosignatures (water, carbon monoxide, and methane) that could lead to the discovery of life on Archean-era rocky planets orbiting Sun-like and red dwarf suns

Hotter star and harsh conditions early on

Habitability, as scientists define it today, requires a particular set of conditions. And while the TRAPPIST-1 planets are rocky like Earth – and similar to Earth in size and mass – their parent star is different. It used to be much hotter than it is now. That means that – early in their history – the planets were very hot, too. 

Scientists have said that water in the rocks of the TRAPPIST-1 planets, at least those planets closest to such a hot star, probably would have evaporated. That would mean no oceans, no lakes, no rivers. The chances for life as we know it on those worlds would be slim

Or, did the TRAPPIST-1 planets keep their water?

Enter the new study. If its results are correct, then at least some of the TRAPPIST-1 planets might have been able to hold on to their water – and have habitable conditions – after all

Is Trappist 1e habitable

TRAPPIST-1e is a potentially habitable exoplanet that orbits in the habitable zone of its star. The habitable zone is a band around a star where temperatures are just right for liquid water to exist on the surface of an Earth-like world

TRAPPIST-1e is one of three planets in the TRAPPIST-1 system that are located in the habitable zone. The other two planets are TRAPPIST-1f and TRAPPIST-1g. TRAPPIST-1b, c, and d are too close to the star, and TRAPPIST-1h is too far away. 

TRAPPIST-1e is almost identical in size to Earth, but about 40% less massive. It has an orbital period of about seven Earth days. Researchers determined in November 2018 that TRAPPIST-1e has the best chance of being an Earth-like ocean planet, and the one most worthy of further study regarding habitability

What is Trappist 1e atmosphere like

TRAPPIST-1e doesn’t have a thick hydrogen-rich atmosphere, which means it’s likely more compact and hydrogen-free like the rocky planets in our solar system. Hydrogen is a powerful greenhouse gas, so if there was enough to be easily detected, it would mean that the surface of TRAPPIST-1e would be inhospitable

TRAPPIST-1e may have a thick ozone layer ranging from 30 to 1000 Dobson units (1/10 to 3 times Earths value) under strong to intermediate TRAPPIST-1 UV irradiation. Under weak TRAPPIST-1 UV irradiation, only 0.1 Dobson units of ozone (1/3000 of Earths value) can be sustained. 

Some models predict a temperate climate with either nitrogen or carbon dioxide dominating the atmosphere. The nitrogen-dominated case has a global mean surface temperature of 14 K, while the carbon dioxide-dominated case has a global mean surface temperature of 24 K. 

TRAPPIST-1e may also contain oxygen, methane, and water. The presence of these elements could offer hints of whether life could be present, or if the planets are habitable.

TRAPPIST-1e is confirmed to not have a cloud-free hydrogen-dominated atmosphere, meaning it is more likely to have a compact, hydrogen-free atmospherelike those of the Solar System’s rocky planets, further raising the chances of habitability

What should the sky 🌌 look like on Trappist 1e

The daytime sky on TRAPPIST-1e would be a different color than Earth’s because of the lack of blue light in TRAPPIST-1’s spectrum. The sky would appear only about 0.5% as bright as it does on Earth, and it would have a distinctly yellow or greenish color. The daytime skies would never get brighter than Earth’s skies just after sunset, suffusing the world in a salmon-colored light

The six other Earth-size planets are so close that they would loom like moons in its red-tinged sky

Some 40 light-years from Earth, a planet called TRAPPIST-1e offers a heart-stopping view: brilliant objects in a red sky, looming like larger and smaller versions of our own moon. But these are no moons. They are other Earth-sized planets in a spectacular planetary system outside our own

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