That’s a fascinating headline hinting at some truly revolutionary ideas! The Big Bang theory has been the dominant cosmological model for quite some time, so any alternative that aims to “explain everything” would need to be incredibly compelling and address the vast amount of evidence that currently supports the Big Bang.
The idea of “repeating bursts” as an alternative is intriguing. It suggests a cyclic or oscillating universe model, where instead of a single beginning, the universe might go through phases of expansion and contraction, with “bursts” potentially marking transitions between these phases.
Here’s why such a theory is interesting and some of the challenges it would face:
Potential Advantages of a Repeating Bursts Theory:

• Addressing the Singularity: The Big Bang theory starts with a singularity, an infinitely dense and hot point, which our current laws of physics break down trying to describe. A cyclic model might avoid this issue by having a dense but finite state preceding an expansion phase.
• Explaining the Initial Conditions: The Big Bang requires very specific initial conditions for the universe to evolve as we observe it. A repeating model might offer a mechanism where these conditions are “reset” or naturally arise from a previous phase.
• Dark Energy and Dark Matter: While the Big Bang model incorporates dark energy and dark matter to explain the accelerating expansion and gravitational anomalies, their fundamental nature remains unknown. An alternative theory might offer a different perspective on these phenomena, potentially explaining them through the dynamics of the cyclic process.
• Avoiding the “Beginning of Time”: For some, the idea of a universe with a definite beginning is philosophically challenging. A cyclic model suggests a universe that has existed, in some form, indefinitely.
  Challenges for a Repeating Bursts Theory:
• Explaining the Evidence for the Big Bang: Any alternative theory must account for the overwhelming evidence that supports the Big Bang, including:
• Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMB): This afterglow of the Big Bang has a very specific blackbody spectrum and temperature fluctuations that are well-explained by the standard model.
• Abundance of Light Elements: The observed ratios of hydrogen, helium, and lithium in the universe match the predictions of Big Bang nucleosynthesis.
• Large-Scale Structure: The distribution of galaxies and galaxy clusters on large scales aligns with the growth of structures from tiny initial fluctuations in the early universe, as described by the Big Bang cosmology.
• Hubble’s Law: The observation that galaxies are moving away from us, with their recession velocity proportional to their distance, is a key prediction of an expanding universe.
• Mechanism for the “Bursts” and Transitions: A repeating bursts theory needs to provide a plausible physical mechanism for how one phase of the universe ends and another begins. What causes the contraction to reverse into expansion? What triggers the “burst”?
• Thermodynamics and Entropy: The second law of thermodynamics states that entropy (disorder) in a closed system tends to increase over time. In a cyclic universe, how is entropy managed across cycles? Would each cycle start with lower entropy, and if so, how? This is a significant challenge for cyclic models.
• Observational Evidence: Currently, most observational evidence strongly supports a universe that has been expanding and cooling since a hot, dense early phase. A repeating bursts theory would need to make testable predictions that differ from the Big Bang model and find observational support.
  In Conclusion:
  The idea of a repeating bursts theory is a fascinating avenue for exploring the fundamental nature of the universe. However, to become a viable alternative to the Big Bang, it would need to provide a comprehensive explanation for the existing cosmological evidence and offer a robust physical mechanism for the cyclic process. It would also need to make testable predictions that could potentially distinguish it from the standard cosmological model.
  It’s exciting to see scientists exploring these alternative ideas, as they can push the boundaries of our understanding and potentially lead to new insights into the universe’s origins and evolution. I’d be very interested to learn more about the specifics of this particular “repeating bursts” theory and the evidence being used to support it!

A bold new theory suggests the universe didn’t begin with a single Big Bang, but instead unfolds through a series of ultra-fast, invisible bursts called “temporal singularities.”

This new framework eliminates the need for dark matter and dark energy to explain why the universe is expanding and how galaxies and other structures form.

The paper builds on Lieu’s earlier model, published in 2024, which proposed that gravity might exist without mass. That theory attracted over 41,000 reads and numerous citations. The updated version, while building on the same foundation, introduces significant changes.

“This new paper proposes an improved version of the earlier model, which is also radically different,” Lieu explains. “The new model can account for both structure formation and stability, and the key observational properties of the expansion of the universe at large, by enlisting density singularities in time that uniformly affect all space to replace conventional dark matter and dark energy.”

“Sir Fred Hoyle opposed Big Bang cosmology and postulated a ‘steady state’ model of the universe in which matter and energy were constantly being created as the universe expands,” Lieu notes. “But that hypothesis violates the law of mass-energy conservation. In the current theory, the conjecture is for matter and energy to appear and disappear in sudden bursts and, interestingly enough, there is no violation of conservation laws. These singularities are unobservable because they occur rarely in time and are unresolvedly fast, and that could be the reason why dark matter and dark energy have not been found. The origin of these temporal singularities is unknown – safe to say that the same is true of the moment of the Big Bang itself.”

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