Recent scientific discoveries, published in the journal Nature Astronomy on May 20, 2025, suggest that early in its history, Jupiter was significantly different from the planet we see today.
Here are the key findings:

• Twice the Size: Approximately 3.8 million years after the first solid objects formed in our solar system, Jupiter had a radius nearly twice its current size. This means its volume was large enough to contain over 2,000 Earths, compared to the 1,321 Earths it can hold today.
• 50 Times Stronger Magnetic Field: At that same early stage, Jupiter’s magnetic field was at least 50 times more powerful than its present-day magnetic field. This intense magnetic force would have played a crucial role in shaping the architecture of the early solar system.
• Insights from Tiny Moons: Researchers, led by Konstantin Batygin of Caltech, were able to make these remarkable estimations by studying the slightly tilted orbits of Jupiter’s small inner moons, Amalthea and Thebe. These orbital discrepancies, largely unchanged over billions of years, provided clues that allowed scientists to “rewind” time and calculate Jupiter’s original size and magnetic conditions.
• Shrinking Over Time: As the young Sun’s surrounding gas and dust dissipated, Jupiter, a bloated magnetic powerhouse, gradually cooled and contracted under its own gravity, shrinking to its current size.
• Crucial Role in Solar System Formation: These findings support the “core accretion” model of gas giant formation and highlight Jupiter’s significant role as an “architect” of the solar system. Its immense early gravity and powerful magnetic field influenced the orbits of other planets and helped define the layout of our cosmic neighborhood.
  This new research provides a more precise understanding of Jupiter’s primordial state and offers valuable insights into the chaotic and formative phase of our solar system’s history.

Michigen university analysis

According to a recent study by the University of Michigan, when the giant disk of gas and dust revolving around the Sun, called the ‘protoplanetary nebula’, started disintegrating about 450 million years ago, Jupiter’s appearance was amazing at that time. This planet was not only about twice its current size, but its magnetic field was 50 times more powerful than today. Not only this, its volume was equal to 2,000 Earths.

According to a recent study by the University of Michigan, when the giant disk of gas and dust revolving around the Sun, called the ‘protoplanetary nebula’, began to disintegrate about 450 million years ago, Jupiter’s appearance was amazing at that time. This planet was not only about twice its current size, but its magnetic field was 50 times more powerful than today. Not only this, its volume was equal to 2,000 Earths. Jupiter is also called the ‘architect’ of the solar system. A gravitational giant that stabilized the orbits of the planets and determined the direction of other planets emerging at the time of formation. If this planet had not been so powerful, today’s solar system would probably not have been as we know it. Scientists at the University of Michigan say that this discovery could be the key to better understanding not just Jupiter but the development process of the entire solar system.

This is how we got deep clues from space

Scientists studied two small moons of Jupiter, Amalthea and Thebe. Their orbits are slightly tilted. This deviation actually indicates the initial physical form of Jupiter. By analyzing these orbital anomalies, it was estimated that the radius of ancient Jupiter was about twice its current radius and its volume was equal to 2,000 Earths.

Foundation for future models
The study is being seen as a solid pillar in existing planet formation theories. Till now scientists had to rely on concepts such as gas opacity, mass of the core of heavy elements and accretion rate in the formation of planets, which had uncertainty. But now researchers are able to draw more reliable conclusions based on directly measurable factors such as orbital speed of the moons of the planets and conservation of angular momentum. This study presents a picture of that crucial time when the solar nebula was slowly evaporating. That is, when the construction material was getting exhausted rapidly and the structure of the planets was being finalized. The completion of this process is like the completion of the ‘architectural plan’ of the solar system.

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