A new theory suggests time flows in three directions, shaping space itself — and it could finally bridge relativity and quantum physics.

A bold new theory from Dr. Gunther Kletetschka at the University of Alaska Fairbanks proposes that time itself has three dimensions — not one. According to the research, space isn’t the foundation of reality at all, but rather a byproduct of multidimensional time — like a picture painted onto a temporal canvas. The framework suggests a universe built from six total dimensions: three of space and three of time.

Unlike many speculative theories, this one makes testable predictions, including precise calculations for the masses of fundamental particles such as electrons, muons, and quarks — a mystery that has puzzled physicists for decades. If correct, it could help unify Einstein’s relativity with quantum mechanics, bridging the gap between the cosmic and quantum realms for the first time.

In this model, one time dimension represents our familiar forward flow, another allows for alternate versions of the same moment, and the third governs transitions between those realities — potentially enabling movement across timelines. Crucially, it still preserves cause and effect. Though speculative, this theory could mark a step toward the long-sought “Theory of Everything.”

While mainstream physics traditionally treats time as a single dimension in a 

4D spacetimeframework, recent and historic theories challenge this by proposing that time may have multiple dimensions or may not be fundamental at all. 

1. New “Three-Dimensional Time” Theory (2025)

A prominent theory published in 2025 by physicist Dr. Gunther Kletetschka of the University of Alaska Fairbanks proposes that time is three-dimensional, mirroring the three dimensions of space. 

• Six-Dimensional Framework: The universe is built on three dimensions of time and three of space.
• Space as a Byproduct: In this model, space itself is a secondary manifestation of multidimensional time, which acts as the “canvas” for reality.
• Testable Predictions: Unlike many abstract models, this framework claims to accurately reproduce the known masses of fundamental particles like electrons and quarks, which standard physics currently cannot fully explain.
• Causality & Timelines: It preserves cause-and-effect while allowing for “sideways” steps into alternative timelines. 

2. Theoretical “Two-Time” Physics

Physicist Itzhak Bars (University of Southern California) has long explored a “2T-physics”model (two-time physics), suggesting that our 4D world is a projection of a higher-dimensional reality with two time dimensions. 

• Symmetry: This approach offers a more unified version of physical phenomena.
• F-theory: A branch of string theory describes a 12-dimensional spacetime with a (10,2) signature, meaning ten space and two time dimensions. 

3. Time as an Illusion or Emergent Property 

Some modern theories go further, suggesting time might not be a dimension at all:

• Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG): This theory suggests the universe is made of discrete “loops” of space, and time may not be a fundamental part of the universe but rather an emergent illusion caused by entropy.
• Timeless Universe: Research published by Amrit Sorli and others suggests spacetime has no time dimension at all, and that clocks merely measure the numerical order of material change in space.
• Block Universe Theory: Einstein’s general relativity is often interpreted via Eternalism, where past, present, and future all exist simultaneously in a static 4D block, making the “flow” of time a subjective experience. 

If time is three dimensional what it means for multiverse and our reality

If time is three-dimensional, as proposed by the 

2025 framework of physicist Dr. Gunther Kletetschka, reality shifts from a linear “river” into a vast “volume” of possibilities. This model moves the multiverse from a philosophical concept into a structural part of physics. 

1. The Multiverse as “Lateral” Time

In a one-dimensional time model, the multiverse is often seen as separate universes “bubbles” floating in space. In a three-dimensional time model, the multiverse is simply the result of moving along different temporal axes. 

• The First Axis (Linear Flow): This is our standard experience of past, present, and future.
• The Second Axis (Sideways Step):Moving along this axis represents a “sideways” step into a different version of the same moment—an alternate timelinewhere a different choice or outcome occurred.
• The Third Axis (Transition): This axis allows for transitions or “jumps” between these different outcomes, effectively acting as the bridge between alternate realities. 

2. Reality as a “Temporal Canvas”

Kletetschka’s theory inverts the traditional view of the universe: 

• Time First: Instead of time being a background property of space, time is the fundamental “canvas.” Space is merely the “paint” applied on top of it.
• Mass as Curvature: Properties like the mass of an electron are not random numbers but are caused by how “energy” curves within these three time dimensions.
• Unified Reality: This structure may finally bridge the gap between quantum mechanics (where multiple states exist at once) and general relativity (where gravity shapes everything), potentially forming a “Theory of Everything”. 

3. Impact on Human Experience

If this theory is validated, our perception of “now” is only a single point in a much larger 6D landscape (3 space + 3 time). 

• Causality is Preserved: Unlike older theories where multiple time dimensions caused “time loops” (killing your own grandfather), this 2025 model ensures that causes always precede effects, maintaining a logical flow of reality even with multiple paths.
• Extreme Energy Access: These “hidden” time dimensions might only be visible or accessible at extreme energy levels, such as those found in particle accelerators or during the Big Bang. 

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